Nephrolithiasis is a painful condition in which solid material stones get deposited in the kidney. There are a few studies in history that explain the association and risk of nephrolithiasis in gout patients. In this study, the incidence rate and risk factors of nephrolithiasis have been determined in gout patients, and various demographic characteristics of patients like age and sex were found to increase the risk of NL in patients with gout.

Nephrolithiasis (NL) is comprehended to be correlated with gout; but, the comparative studies on risk and risk factors for NL in gout were minimum. This analysis evaluated (a) overall rate of NL in gout (cases) and general population controls; (b) risk and risk factors for first-time NL in cases and controls independently.

The regional healthcare database in western Sweden (VEGA) was used to found the patients and sex and age-matched controls. The investigated risk factors like comorbidities and current medication use for socioeconomic factors and first-time NL were recovered from VEGA and other national Swedish registers. For patients, follow up started on 1 January 2006 or on the first examination of gout if this appeared later, and for controls on their index patient's first investigation of gout. Follow up closed on death, withdrawal or 31 December 2012. The incidence calculations were implemented for patients and their controls. HRs with the first episode of NL, as a result, was assessed only in those without previous NL.

The patients exhibited an increased risk of NL by 60%. None of the regularly used medicines raised the risk of NL among gout patients.