Vitamin D supplementation early in pregnancy may be beneficial to decrease the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus.

A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to explore the existing evidence on the role of nutrition in gestational diabetes mellitus development and management.

Databases like Magiran, PubMed, SID, Web of Science, and Scopus were extensively explored. The observational studies on the link between circulatory markers of minerals and vitamins, dietary intake, and gestational diabetes mellitus and trials of the impact of nutritional supplementation or dietary modifications to manage or prevent gestational diabetes mellitus among females were chosen.

A total of 49 publications were evaluated. The findings of the pooled assessment indicated that females with gestational diabetes exhibited reduced serum vitamin D (-8.31 nmol/l), increased serum iron (26.2 μg/dl), hemoglobin (1.14 g/dl), and ferritin (24.1 ng/ml) levels when compared to females without gestational diabetes.

Single studies revealed inverse link of Mediterranean diet, dietary approaches for stopping hypertension diet, plant-based dietary index, and the direct link of dietary inflammatory index and dietary acid load with odds of gestational diabetes. During early pregnancy, vitamin D intervention was reported to prevent gestational diabetes in 2 clinical trials.

In 2 studies, the influence of iron supplementation on gestational diabetes in non-anaemic females was not consistent. The pooled assessment of probiotic supplementation in females having gestational diabetes illustrated no profound effect on maternal glycemia.

Supplementing Vitamin D early in pregnancy may aid to attenuate the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus.