Weaker immune responses were reported in pregnant females who did not supplement their diet with magnesium-based supplements.

A study with cross-sectional design was carried out to assess the additive value of magnesium and magnesium-containing nutritional supplements on immune responses following coronavirus disease in pregnant females. Furthermore, the differences in pregnancy outcomes were examined on the basis of supplements taken during pregnancy.

Women having a history of COVID-19 during their pregnancy were surveyed for their priorities in nutritional supplementation. Furthermore, their profiles were comparatively evaluated with existing records from institutional database. Overall, 448 pregnant females with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the 22 months of the outbreak were assembled.

About 16.5% supplemented their diet with zinc, magnesium, and calcium combination while 13.6% of women took magnesium-only supplement. Nearly, a greater percentage of women in the no-supplementation group had the SARS-CoV-2 anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) below 500 U/mL, when compared to women who took magnesium-based supplements, as shown in Table 1:

For determining an elevated level of antibody titers following coronavirus infection, the magnesium quantity in the taken supplements must be greater than 450 mg. A low magnesium dose (< 450 mg) was noted to be an independent and pivotal risk factor for poor immune responses (odds ratio-1.25).

Hence, it is recommended to supplement nutritional intake of pregnant females with magnesium-based products to ascertain raised levels of coronavirus anti-RBD antibodies, even though the causality remains uncertain.