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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a
painful and inflammatory condition that impairs the overall functioning and
significantly affects the quality of life.
The results of this study support
the high efficacy and safety of S-flurbiprofen plaster (SEPP) in the treatment
of osteoarthritis. The optimal tested dose of SFPP was determined to be
40 mg.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and inflammatory condition that impairs the overall functioning and significantly affects the quality of life. It is a highly prevalent disease with higher incidence rates in the aged population. The pharmacological treatment for symptomatic OA includes the usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but they are associated with risk of adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal disorders. The risk of the gastrointestinal disorders can be lowered by topical administration of NSAIDs as they indicate lower systemic concentration and avoid the direct action on the gastrointestinal mucosa. It was determined that there is a need of an effective formulation that employs the favorable characteristics of topical NSAIDs. In this study, a novel topical NSAID patch formulation was developed and was defined as SFPP. The efficacy of this topical formulation was increased by selection of the potent cyclooxygenase inhibitory NSAID S-flurbiprofen. To increase the penetration of this formulation in deep tissues, a tape-type patch with superior percutaneous absorption was selected as the dosage form, along with additional efforts to maximize the formulation performance. The evidence from in vivo studies suggests that SFPP was superior in terms of percutaneous absorption, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects when compared with existing NSAID patch products. A study conducted in healthy adult males demonstrated that SFPP provides sustained and stable plasma levels of S-flurbiprofen and another survey conducted in OA patients proved greater synovial transfer of S-flurbiprofen compared with that of an existing flurbiprofen patch formulation.
Rationale behind the research:
NSAID patches show much less gastrointestinal side effects as compared to oral NSAIDs, whereas its percutaneous absorption is not adequate for the expression of clinical efficacy at a satisfactory level. This study was conducted to examine the optimal dose of SFPP in treatment of OA.
Objective:
To determine the efficacy and safety of S-SFPP as compared to placebo in treatment of osteoarthritis.
Study outcome measures:
Time Points: At baseline, and after 2 weeks.
Study outcomes
Baseline: There were no statistically significant differences observed at baseline
Primary outcomes:
Secondary outcomes:
Other outcomes:
In the present study, clinically relevant pain scores were obtained between all the groups, especially in 40 mg group. A 6.1 mm statistical difference was detected in ΔrVAS between SFPP 40 mg and placebo which was smaller than the estimated value of 9.1 mm at the planning stage. This difference was also smaller than those reported in the results of two comparative studies of diclofenac patch and placebo. Both studies followed same inclusion criteria and the pain scores at baseline were also similar in both studies, but there exists a difference between ΔrVAS scores. The reason behind this was a high content of peppermint oil in the present study as compared to diclofenac study.
Peppermint oil is used in the current research to improve trans dermal absorption of SFP. The proportion of patients who achieved moderate improvement (achieved 30% pain reduction) was very high (75.6%–84.3%). A statistically significant difference between SFPP 40 mg and placebo were obtained between other efficacy outcomes that include the assessments by patients (rVAS, wVAS, and patient's global assessment) and investigators (clinical symptoms and investigator's global assessment). The safety assessment indicates that SFPP was well tolerated and the adverse effects were drug-related, and there were no intergroup differences. These AEs reported might not be causally related to S-flurbiprofen because no consistent trend depending on doses was observed. These AEs might have been related to physical stimuli, such as irritation upon patch removal. The study results indicate that there was a low incidence of the gastrointestinal disorder, but there exists increment in BUN levels that can lead to renal disorders. No incidence of photosensitivity was observed in the present study. Therefore, it can be concluded that SFPP is efficacious and possess safety at an optimal tested dose of 40 mg.
It is recommended that NSAIDs studies should be
studied at time interval longer than 3 weeks, but this study was carried out at
an interval of 2 weeks only.
Based on the efficacy and safety results from this study,
the optimal tested dose of SFPP was found to be 40 mg.
Yataba I et al. Dove Medical Press. 2017; 10:867-880
The efficacy and safety of S-flurbiprofen plaster in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study
Ikuko Yataba et al.
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