As per the notification issued on 16 February 2021, anakinra (an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) has received the approval of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation to treat CAPS in Russia. These are a group of rare, genetically inherited, autoinflammatory disorders inducing fever, pain sensitization, cartilage, and bone impairment. In the most serious form of CAPS, known as Chronic Infantile Neurological, Cutaneous, and Articular syndrome (CINCA) or Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID, a form of CAPS), it is linked with elevated death.

In United States, Anakinra is recommended for improving signs and symptoms and retarding the advancement of structural impairment in moderate/severe active rheumatoid arthritis, in individuals 18 years of age or older who have failed one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and to treat NOMID.

In Europe, anakinra is recommended for adults to treat rheumatoid arthritis in combination with methotrexate, with an unsatisfactory response to methotrexate therapy alone. Furthermore, anakinra is indicated in adults, adolescents, children, and infants to treat CAPS, including - NOMID/CINCA, Muckle-Wells syndrome, and familial cold auto inflammatory syndrome. This interleukin-1 receptor antagonist is indicated to combat Familial Mediterranean Fever.

Anakinra should be administered in combination with colchicine, if suitable. It is also advocated for use in adolescents, adults, children, and infants (age eight months and older, bodyweight 10 kg or above) to treat Still's disease, including Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Adult-Onset Still's Disease, having active systemic features of moderate/high disease activity, or in individuals having persistent disease activity after therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapeutics or glucocorticoids. Anakinra can be administered in combination with other anti-inflammatory agents and DMARDs or as monotherapy.