A prospective cohort study published in "Infection and Drug Resistance" revealed that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected people with a deficiency of serum vitamin D may require vitamin D supplementation. This study was conducted to assess related factors influencing the rate of eradication of H. pylori using modified quadruple therapy.

A total of 341 subjects suffering from H. pylori infection received a 2-week anti-H. pylori therapy, (a modified quadruple therapy). Rechecking of results of the C13-urea breath test (C13-UBT) was done following the withdrawal of the drug. Participants were segregated into failure group and success group as per the final breath outcome. Collection of general clinical data and associated laboratory indexes of each patient was done. Analysis of factors influencing H. pylori eradication rate was done.

Notably, the total clinical elimination rate was found to be 80.06% (273/341) and the failure rate came out to be 19.94% (68/341). As per the univariate assessment, statistically profound inter-group differences were identified in medical compliance, positive cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and the presence of oral diseases.

Furthermore, the utilization of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors was statistically distinct. As demonstrated by the logistic regression, medical compliance [odds ratio = 148.18] and vitamin D level (<20 ng/mL) [odds ratio = 98.56] were independent influencing factors for H. pylori eradication rate. Hence, a vitamin D level lower than 20 ng/mL is related to radical cure failure.