In a recent study, stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was reported to be a safe and effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The objective of this systematic review was to compare the safety and effectiveness of SVF intervention with placebo and other standard treatments for the management of KOA in adults.

For finding out relevant studies, databases such as Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Elsevier via Clinicalkey, TripDatabase, DynaMed, PEDro, Epistemonikos, and MEDLINE via PubMed were searched. Prospective interventional studies that compared SVF therapy to placebo or other conventional treatments for people with KOA were included where outcomes were objectively assessed using at least one commonly used osteoarthritis scale.

Nine studies out of 266 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, 239 participants (274 knees) were incorporated. Six to twenty-four months were spent in follow-up. A control group was included in six investigations (only one being placebo). All of the trials found that SVF reduced pain and increased functioning, which was typically assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and visual analogue scale (VAS).

Furthermore, improvements in anatomical features as shown in magnetic resonance images were documented in five investigations. However, there might be a comparison bias because the number of cells in SVF differed greatly between investigations. In terms of improvement of the anatomical structure, functional enhancement, and pain relief, SVF therapy seems to be a potential therapeutic choice for KOA.