A prospective trial illustrated that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected people might benefit from probiotics followed by quadruple antibiotic treatment. Probiotics were evaluated by researchers for their effectiveness, tolerability, and safety in the treatment of H. pylori eradication as well as their impact on the gastric microbiota during elimination therapy.

Those who experienced two or more failed H. pylori elimination therapies were evaluated. The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (1 g three times a day) for two weeks, and a subsequent 10-day quadruple antibiotic regimen was given as rescue therapy. An endoscopic examination was done, and samples of the stomach mucosa were taken for pre- and post-probiotic 16S rRNA gene sequencing as well as drug sensitivity testing.

Four weeks following the end of the therapy, the 13C-urea breath test was utilized to evaluate the elimination. Symptoms and adverse effects were noted. The study comprised 37 participants (18-70 years of age). The composition, community structure, and diversity of the stomach microbiota in H. pylori-positive patients were unaffected by probiotic administration, and H. pylori was not inhibited.

It led to an increase in several useful bacteria, including Roseburia, Dorea, and Blautia. A 97.3% overall eradication rate was achieved. Six people experienced side effects (mostly chest discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, and dizziness), all of which disappeared after the antibiotics were stopped. Following the use of probiotic supplements and after the completion of treatment, symptoms of dyspepsia were lessened.

Hence, pre-combination of probiotics with quadruple antibiotic regimen appears to be beneficial for H. pylori-infected people. But, additional studies are required to comprehend the extent and exact nature of these benefits.