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In pediatrics COVID-19
cases the clinicians must look for the nucleic acid of SARSCoV-2 test in
respiratory or blood samples to be positive. In the scarcity of the vaccine or
drugs supportive treatment remains the only option.
In Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China from December 2019 unexplained pneumonia outbroke due to a novel pathogen of Coronavirus category named as SARSCoV-2 or Corona Virus Disease (COVID-2019) by the World Health Organization.
Due to the highly infectious nature of this virus, it's
transmission among humans is also rapid. This virus has outbroken into a
pandemic around the world, on February 5th, 2020 in Zhengzhou City in Henan out
of 102 cases of the COVID-19 3 were the children. One was 4 years old and the
youngest.
Though viral nucleic acid detection remains the only gold
standard but the clinicians are cross verifying the manifestations and CT scans
to be more precise at diagnosis.
The suspected diagnosis in children with COVID-19 need;
travel or living history of patients, contact history with SARSCoV-2 infected
people (nucleic acid test is positive) within 14 days before the onset of the
disease, and clustering occurrence. Moreover, 2-3 clinical manifestations are
also necessary to be present; 1. Fever and/or respiratory symptoms. 2. Early
chest imaging examination with multiple small patch shadows and interstitial
changes, in the peripheral lung, and then developed into multiple ground glass
shadows and/or infiltrating shadows in both lungs. 3. Fluctuations in the total
number of WBC/lymphocytes in the early stage of the disease.
Confirmed cases should at least have nucleic acid of SARSCoV-2 test in respiratory or blood samples is positive or viral gene sequencing of respiratory or blood samples should be highly homologous with the SARSCoV-2. Though these signs clarify the diagnosis of COVID-19 in children some cases may need more dynamic clinical evaluation based on the clinical manifestations.
Discussing the treatment of COVID-19 in children; the vaccine is under development and no concrete treatment is available at present. Clinicians can only consider symptomatic and supportive treatment. Oxygen therapy can be given as per patients need and antiviral drugs like interferon can be used. If a concomitant bacterial infection is observed, antibiotics can be a preferable choice with antivirals.
Pediatric Pulmonology
Insight Into COVID-2019 for Pediatricians
Yuanzhe Li et al.
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