Autologous transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) emerges as a promising and practical approach to treat refractory diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as per the research led by investigators of Nanyang Technological University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Due to the multifactorial characteristics of the DPN pathogenesis, traditional drug treatments have not been efficient. However, the stem cells transplantation may provide valuable insight towards DPN management.

 A total of 168 patients suffering from refractory DPN were included in the study. The patients were given an injection of BMMNCs via intramuscular route. After the transplantation, follow-up was carried out at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. Nerve conduction studies (NCSs), Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS) and clinical data were compared at the start and end of the transplantation.

A significant improvement was seen in the neuropathy manifestations after the transplantation of BMMNCs. As compared to baseline, the values of the TCSS scores at 1 month and 3 months reduced significantly following the treatment. This decrement continued persistent unto the completion of the analysis. The action potential, sensory nerves and conduction velocity were improved considerably following the transplantation. There were no adverse effects. This explains the significant efficacy of autologous transplantation of BMMNCs in managing refractory DPN.