As per the findings of a study published in the peer-reviewed general medical journal, intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts an anabolic role in bone formation and therefore, can potentially for tissue regeneration and stem cell transplantation therapy, especially among women suffering from Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Before this analysis, the role of PTH in stimulating osteogenesis and improving bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) density was known but on circulating MSCs was unexplained. This analysis focused on to find the impact of intermittent PTH 1–34 and alendronate administration (12 months) on circulating MSCs in the peripheral blood of 54 postmenopausal osteoporotic females who were at high risk of fracture.

The collection of whole blood samples was done at baseline, one, three, six, and twelve months following the introduction of medications. Identification of circulating MSCs was made using the flow cytometry analyses. Circulating MSCs were separated from peripheral blood and cultured in osteogenic medium to explore the osteogenic differentiation potential. Serum markers of bone mineral density (BMD), bone formation, and bone resorption were estimated.

By one month, Teriparatide treatment increased circulating MSCs, which persisted until month 12. This rise in circulating MSCs showed a positive correlation with improvements in spine BMD (at month 12), bone formation and bone resorption biomarkers (at month 6). Evident from enhanced ALP-expressing cell density, Runx-2, OSX, COL 1a1, calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and osteocalcin mRNA upregulation, intermittent PTH 1–34 administration known to improved in vitro osteogenic differentiation of circulating MSCs. These outcomes revealed that intermittent PTH 1–34 administration helps to increase the circulating MSC density in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.