On the premise of a study published in the journal of Nutrients, age, body mass index (BMI), endocrine profile, total calorie intake, and sport-based physical activity (PA) found as significant predictors of BMD features of middle-to-older aged adults, including high body fat % observed as the principal alterable risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. To recognize the principal mediators of bone health, this analysis used a multi-analytical plan comprising unit-weighed directional z-score comparisons, group differences, and associations.

One hundred ninety participants were selected classified by body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), and body fat% to explore the impact of differing obesity criteria on bone features. The added influence of inflammatory profiles and lifestyle was estimated within a subset of 50 healthy-eating middle-to-older aged adults aged between 44 to 80 years. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of thoracic, pelvic areas, lumbar, and appendicular was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC). Endocrine profiling, physical activity, and diet were estimated by applying multiplex luminometry, the Baecke questionnaire, and a 3-day food diary.

Twenty out of 22 BMC- and BMD-related outcome measures were positively influenced by obesity, nine by adiposity, and 14 outcomes linked with FMI. Osteopenic and healthy participants exhibited entirely different overall dietary quality. Only vitamin A and relative protein intake showed an association with BMD. The BMI positive mediators, sport-based physical activity, and daily energy intake showed associations with the seven out of 10 BMD sites with body fat% and age revealed to be negatively associated with bone characteristics. On the whole, BMI presents as a reliable indicator of bone features, but the high body fat% should also be taken into consideration, especially among aged people. In conjunction with high BMI, moderate to vigorous activity combined with an optimal diet is recognized as the positive modulators of bone health.