A systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a clear connection between acupuncture and the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Myung Han Hyun et al. sought to assess the risks associated with acupuncture in relation to the transmission of HCV. Two investigators conducted independent screenings of studies retrieved from the electronic databases.

Extraction, pooling and analysis of the baseline demographics, HCV transmission odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were done with the utilization of random-effect models. Subgroup analyses were carried out with the utilization of study design and ethnicity. Utilizing funnel plots and Higgins I2 test, an assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias was done, respectively. The final analysis incorporated a total of 28 studies, including 194,826 volunteers, with 178,583 individuals in the control group (91.7%) and 16,243 in the acupuncture group (8.3%).

The pooled results revealed a significantly higher rate of HCV transmission among acupuncture users compared to controls, demonstrating substantial heterogeneity (OR, 1.84 [1.46-2.32]; I2 = 80%). In subgroup analysis, findings from both cross-sectional studies (with a sample size of 12; OR 1.85 [1.32-2.61]; I2 = 0%) and cross-sectional case-control studies (with a sample size of 14; OR 1.96 [1.47-2.61]; I2 = 88%) indicated a notably elevated prevalence of HCV infection in acupuncture group in comparison with control group.

This pattern was observed in both Asian and non-Asian individuals who underwent acupuncture, revealing an escalated risk of HCV transmission compared to the respective control groups. Notably, no significant publication bias was detected in the analysis. Acupuncture augmented the risk of HCV transmission. Given the contagious nature of HCV, it is advisable to exercise caution when engaging in unsafe medical and social practices, including acupuncture.