According to the preliminary real-world results of a retrospective observational study, biological medications, including Dupilumab, Omalizumab, Benralizumab, and Mepolizumab, show favorable outcomes in terms of disease control and symptom improvement in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients. Reut Book et al. conducted this study aiming to provide preliminary real-world experience regarding the utilization of biological therapy to relieve uncontrolled CRSwNP.

A retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of people who underwent biological treatment at a tertiary medical center. Individuals who met the eligibility requirements for biological treatment based on the EPOS 2020 criteria were included. Among patients who underwent their initial follow-up appointment within a period of less than six months from the start of treatment, there was a 22% reduction in the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 Questionnaire (SNOT-22) score (from 53.2 ± 27.71 to 41.45 ± 25.87) and a 48% reduction in the nasal polyp score (NPS) (from 1.81 ± 1.42 to 0.937 ± 1.18).

Among subjects who had their first follow-up visit after six months or more from initiation of the treatment, the SNOT-22 score showed a 40% decline (from 63.75 ± 32.7 to 37.83 ± 28.38), while the NPS lowered by 39% (from 2 ± 1.51 to 1.22 ± 1.39).  Moreover, there was a notable 68% drop in the number of volunteers requiring systemic steroid treatment and a 74% reduction in the number of people necessitating endoscopic sinus surgery. The use of biological medications proved effective in treating severe CRSwNP. While additional cohort studies are necessary, the study also recommends prioritizing the evaluation of patients during follow-up visits based on quality-of-life measures and exploring the possibility of extending dosing intervals for Dupilumab.